كلية الصيدلة

Faculty of Pharmacy

A Thesis for fulfillment of Master Degree in Pharmaceutcal science (Pharmaceutics)

Abstract
Topical drug administration is application of drug on skin. A wide variety of
vehicles ranging from solid to semisolids and liquid preparations are available for
topical treatment of dermatological disease as well as skin care. Topical delivery is
an attractive route for local and systemic treatment where the drug penetrates
deeper into skin and hence give better absorption.
Fungal infections of the skin are known as “mycoses”. They are common
and generally mild. However, in very sick or otherwise immune suppressed people,
fungi can sometimes cause serious diseases. The symptoms of a fungal skin
infection include rashes with a variety of different appearances like red, scaly,
itchy and dry skin. The availability of the azoles represented a major advance in
the management of fungal infections. The triazoles, particularly Itraconazole (ITZ)
and fluconazole, are now frequently used as alternatives to amphotericin B.
Itraconazole possesses several properties that makes it difficult to formulate, such
as very poor water solubility (~1 ng/mL at neutral pH) and a high log P (>5).
Therefore, various solubilization methods were used to increase the drug solubility
and dissolution properties, including the use of surfactant, water-soluble carriers,
polymeric conjugates, and solid dispersion.
The aim of the work in this thesis was to formulate a topical drug delivery
system for enhancing the antifungal efficacy of ITZ while reducing its side effects.
Emulgel and microemulsion were formulated and characterized and the optimum
formulae were then subjected to in-vitro microbiological assay to assure the
antifungal ability by Candida albicans. Furthermore, histopathological
examination of rats’ skin was carried out to ensure that the formulae were nonirritant and safe to be applied on the skin Therefore, the work in this thesis was divided into two chapters:
Chapter I: Topical Itraconazole Emulgel: In-vitro and In-vivo evaluation of the
irritation potential in rats.
Chapter II: Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Itraconazole Microemulsion
gel Formulae.

Text In English and Abstract in Arabic .